Diwali is one of India’s most cherished celebrations of joy and prosperity. However, the widespread use of firecrackers during the festivities contributes significantly to air and noise pollution, posing health risks. Burn injuries, respiratory distress, hearing impairment and dietary indiscretions are common health concerns during this period. Adopting a few simple precautions can ensure that the festival remains safe, healthy and enjoyable.
Dr MS Purkait, Medical Superintendent of Techno India DAMA Hospital, recommends the following healthcare measures for a safe Diwali.
1. Prevent Burn Injuries Through Firecracker Safety
Burn injuries are among the most common emergencies reported during Diwali. Wearing appropriate clothing and exercising caution while handling firecrackers can significantly reduce the risk of accidents. People should opt for well-fitted, pure cotton clothing, as synthetic fabrics may melt or ignite easily. Closed footwear should be worn to protect the feet, while loose dupattas, flowing garments and other trailing pieces of clothing should be avoided when lighting diyas or firecrackers.
Firecrackers should be handled only in open spaces, away from flammable materials and strictly in accordance with safety instructions. Children must never be allowed to handle firecrackers without close adult supervision. In the event of a burn injury, the affected area should be cooled under cool running water for 20 minutes. Ice, toothpaste, oil and other home remedies should not be applied. Serious burns require immediate medical attention.
2. Minimise Exposure to Air Pollution
Air pollution caused by firecrackers can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and skin, leading to watery eyes, sneezing, coughing and breathing difficulties. Exposure can also aggravate bronchial asthma and COPD, potentially triggering severe respiratory distress. Opting for traditional diyas, candles and decorative LED lights instead of firecrackers can help reduce pollution. Individuals should also avoid burning waste and other materials during the celebrations.
People prone to allergies should follow their prescribed treatment plans and keep their essential medications readily accessible. A well-fitting N95 or equivalent respirator may help reduce exposure to particulate pollution when outdoor travel is unavoidable, although it does not protect against all gaseous pollutants.
3. Reduce the Harmful Effects of Noise Pollution
Excessive noise from firecrackers can cause temporary or permanent hearing damage, headaches, sleep disturbances, anxiety and increased stress. It may also aggravate hypertension and existing cardiovascular conditions. The use of loud firecrackers should be avoided. Where permitted, certified green crackers may be a comparatively less polluting option, but they are not pollution-free or risk-free. People should follow applicable local regulations and maintain a safe distance from any firecracker being ignited. Infants, older adults, people with cardiovascular conditions and individuals sensitive to loud noises should be protected from excessive noise exposure.
4. Take Extra Precautions for Respiratory and Cardiac Patients
People living with bronchial asthma, COPD and cardiovascular diseases are particularly vulnerable to the effects of firecracker emissions. They should minimise outdoor exposure during periods of heavy pollution, especially in the evening when firecracker activity may be high. Patients should keep their prescribed inhalers and other essential medications readily available and continue their treatment as advised by their doctors. Those experiencing worsening breathlessness, wheezing, chest discomfort or other concerning symptoms should seek prompt medical attention. Severe breathing difficulty or chest pain requires emergency care.
5. Avoid Outdoor Exercise During Peak Pollution Hours
Although regular physical activity is essential for good health, exercising outdoors when pollution levels are high can increase the amount of polluted air inhaled. People should avoid outdoor jogging, running, cycling and strenuous exercise during periods of poor air quality.
Indoor exercise in a well-ventilated, cleaner environment is a preferable alternative.
6. Protect Children and Older Adults
Children are especially vulnerable to air pollution because their respiratory systems are still developing. Older adults and people with underlying health conditions may also experience more severe effects from pollution exposure. Outdoor activities should therefore be limited when air quality is poor. Children who participate in firecracker celebrations must be closely supervised by responsible adults, maintain a safe distance from ignition sites and use only legally permitted products according to their safety instructions. Firecrackers should never be held in the hand, relit after a failed ignition or pointed towards people or animals.
7. Maintain Healthy Eating and Adequate Hydration
Festive celebrations often involve rich foods, sweets and fried snacks. However, moderation is essential to prevent digestive discomfort and avoid aggravating existing health conditions. Individuals with diabetes should monitor their sugar intake, control portion sizes and follow their prescribed dietary and medication plans.
A balanced diet comprising green leafy vegetables, fresh fruits, whole grains and lean protein sources is preferable. Adequate hydration should also be maintained, particularly during long celebrations or outdoor activities. People experiencing indigestion or acidity should avoid overeating and identify foods that trigger their symptoms. They should consult a healthcare professional before taking antacids or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), particularly if symptoms persist or recur.
8. Celebrating for a Healthier Diwali
A safe Diwali is one that protects not only our own health but also the well-being of our families, neighbours, vulnerable individuals and the environment. By reducing firecracker use, preventing burn injuries, limiting exposure to pollution, making mindful dietary choices and taking extra care of those with existing health conditions, we can make the festival more inclusive and healthier for everyone.
This Diwali, let the light of celebration shine brighter than the smoke of firecrackers. A little caution and collective responsibility can go a long way in ensuring a safe, healthy and pollution-conscious festival.
